Saving Private Ryan & a Fortunate Life Speech

Would you ever sacrifice your own life in order to save a stranger? Could you imagine watching fellow soldiers being shot and blown up all around you? Could you survive months on end in a war zone? Is one man’s life worth the lives of 8? Both Saving Private Ryan and A Fortunate Life depict war as being a major sacrifice for those involved. Both texts show the mental and physical hardship associated with war and the bonds and mateship shared between soldiers.Saving Private Ryan tells the story of 8 young soldiers who risk their own lives in order to save the life of one man. The first 20 minutes of the film is the most effective in illustrating the horrific conditions and images troops are subjected to. The opening scene being hailed as the most realistic interpretation of war is only enhanced by the use of a hand held camera that provides the audience with a view of war through a soldier’s eye, as well as adding to the chaos and confusion surrounding them.With the const ant sound effects of machine guns, shells and screams for help played throughout the movie and the use of silence when Captain Miller is defended by a shell, allows the audience to get an idea of the mental and physical hardship troops are exposed to and the difficulty they would encounter to overcome these problems. A strong message displayed in the film is that of loyalty, sacrifice and mateship. 8 men sacrifice their lives to save a man that they had never even heard of. Sharing a bond that only other troops would understand, they make their way across the country to find Private Ryan.Once found, Private Ryan refuses to leave as he believes his life is no greater than the soldiers he has been fighting with. He is not willing to leave until his mission is complete. This shows enormous sacrifice, not only by the men who found Ryan, but Ryan himself for not wanting to leave his fellow soldiers in their time of need. These messages are also made clear by Albert Facey in A Fortunate L ife. The descriptive language used through the book demonstrates the horrific events during war. This can be seen at the end of chapter 52 when Facey is describing the D-Day invasion onto the beaches of Gallipoli.He describes it as being â€Å"terribly frightening† and â€Å"shocking†, as well as this being descriptive language it is also a huge understatement, that Facey tends to use a great deal through the book. Both the understatements and descriptive language allow the reader to see the extent of the physical and mental damage on the troops. It emphasises the reality of the horrors they face from day to day. The use of dates, places, factual information and maps help in allowing the reader to receive a greater understanding of Facey’s journey and the obstacles overcome.Although the book is written in very simple language the message of sacrifice is made clear. An example of this is shown when Facey is injured and is offered a way out of the war, being prese nted with the opportunity to leave for the hospital ship, but declines as his battalion is already shorthanded and cannot afford to lose any more troops. This also shows the bonds troops share with one another, Facey is willing to suffer the ongoing pain in order to help out his fellow comrades. Both texts show the immensity of sacrifice each soldier is willing to give.Weather its saving a stranger’s life or fighting in the war, each and every soldier is doing there bit in ensuring that we all live in a free society. The attitude of loyalty they show towards one another is a testament to how we all should live by our own friends. The obstacles they encounter and the processes they embark on to overcome the physical and mental suffering, demonstrates that the majority of our own problems are nothing compared to the day to day torment soldiers are going through.

Benefit of watching television Essay

Many people think television has mostly a negative impact on their lives because television displays a lot of violence, gossip, and erotic things. They think watching TV will waste their time, disorder their thinking, and give bad demonstrations to their child. Actually, most people hold the wrong views about watching TV; it is beneficial to watch TV. Here are the reasons why. First of all, there is the information that I can absorb from television. Daily news, for example, has a lot of information that I never know about and reports a lot of incidents which happen around the world such as America sends army and air force to Iraq and catches its president, by the way, we can learn not only information but also about different societies, cultures, and customs I can not learn from news such as some strange traditions of a small city that I have never heard in China or another small country in the corner of the earth. Although I spend my time on television but I get something more valuable and helpful than what I consume. Secondly, there is the excitement that I can get from television when I am bored. There are many exciting movies on HBO, for instance, â€Å"Terminator I, II, and III† are very good movies to cheer me up. Many parents think that kind of exciting movies are too violent for their children to watch because they blame the movies for their children’s behavior rather than tell their children what is right and what is wrong; furthermore, parents and adults can watch â€Å"RoboCop† by themselves and they can enjoy the movie without worrying about their children learning bad things or violent behaviors from it. Last but not least, there is the stimulation that I can bring to my brain from the television such as the show – Super Millionaire. This program is very popular not only in America but also in my country – Taiwan because people can join the game in their homes with the participants at the television station, and this can stimulate my brain by thinking about and answering the questions even I can’t really get the bonus if I got the correct answer. Moreover, I can call in the show to win the prize if there is no winner today; this kind of television program suits both children and  adults; there is no bad influence or side effects. To sum up, it is in terms of absorbing information, getting excitement, and stimulating my brain so that television has no negative but only positive impacts on my life. If I want to learn or know something by another way instead of television, I truly believe that I will spend more time and more money to reach my goal.

Paraphrase the paper that i will upload Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrase the paper that i will upload - Essay Example of knowledge on the world, enhance their social responsibility sense in addition to learning about the pragmatic and analytical skills required for the up and coming events they will encounter in the course of their lives. College teaches one to respect in diversity; something that cannot be learned by studying books, also called experiential learning.Being surrounded by individuals from various countries results in new perspectives and issues,and assists widen the various types of experiences shared.In addition;it also welcomes stereotypes to rethink issues associated with race,ethnicity and politics. College assists in obtaining wider knowledge of the broader world.It is only in college where courses associated with society,history and science are taken;lesons that according to Aydrey Osler are prerequisites for an individual to discover new interests or acquire fresh insights.Thus,for instance,studying social sciences provides individuals with a say in shaping their future,assists inunderstanding finance,plays a part in the health and wellness ,assisting in making society safer,improving the quality of education for future generations in addition to helping students in understanding democracy better. Students should be taught knowledge about democracy and democratic institutions and provided opportunities to practice democracy† (Osler 74). Attending college assists in development of a sense of social responsibility. . â€Å"Contributing to a larger community involves recognizing and acting upon one’s responsibility for the general welfare of others in the larger community within and beyond the college campus† (Reason, Ryder, Kee 18).For instance, participating in college campaigns teaches team spirit, leadership and dedication. Thus, we require more socially responsible people in the current world capable of thinking about the community as well as other people’s welfare. People seem to think of society as an agency whose core function is resolution

Motivation in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation in the Workplace - Essay Example Motivation through boosting morale among staffs improves performance (Peta et al. 2007). This could be done through praising the accomplishment of others, reminding them the reason for it. Praising may give them self worth and importance. As a result, they become much more inclined to listen and pay attention to assigned tasks. The â€Å"no comparison† should also be observed. Although, other staffs are faster in their work and at the same time could deliver quality performance, they should not be compared to others. Another way to motivate is to offer support. This is especially true for newly hired staffs who are still adjusting to their work environment. In cases of difficulty in their tasks, let them understand that some tasks really need extra effort and skill but it could be possibly done. Lastly, staying excited and feel energized yourself will encourage others to do the same. This could be most applicable if others are looking up to you as this is likened to leading by example. As an employee, motivating others is not enough if you want to improve. For this reason, my strategy to stay motivated is to set a goal for my professional growth.

(EAST ASIA) 20th century korean history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

(EAST ASIA) 20th century korean history - Essay Example When the Catholics were massacred by Taewon-gun, one of Korea’s prominent leaders, the incident gave France a good excuse to put up aggression against Korea whose forces, however, resisted the French invaders. The latter pulled out in failure in October of 1866. Japan started its plans to have control over Korea in 1868 and was impliedly encouraged by the Americans and, in 1871, the United States government gave orders for its Asian naval war chests to occupy the island of Kanghwado in an attempt to compel Korea to open its ports. Despite their might, the American soldiers did not succeed in gaining entry and withdrew from Korean territory. Japan finally got control of Kanghwado with full combat equipment on January 16, 1876. Under intimidation and vitiated consent, the Koreans were coerced to enter into a very one-sided treaty consisting of twelve articles all advantageous to the Japanese while onerous against the islanders. The pact gave what appeared to be a legal basis for Japan to win some more concessions in its favor. Gradually, Japan established further prominence and influence in Korea in 1881 when its Wonsan and Inch’on harbors were opened. As Japanese presence and supremacy became apparently burdensome, the Korean people started to differ in their inclinations. Some were against the corrupt foreign intervention while others were for reforms in the domestic landscape. Koreans who were advocates of the theories and principles of Confucius despised the entry of foreigners including European capitalists. These idealists considered the intrusions disturbing and destructive. In the process, the Confucian creed followers initiated alliance with other ethics with whom they can work toward restoring Korean preeminence. At this point, there were already deprivations in spiritual, political and financial aspects. As a matter of fact, many local schools with Taewon-gun orientations were closed. The characteristics of this

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Essay

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure - Essay Example Along with beta blockers, ACE inhibitors can also be used since they retard progression of coronary artery disease. These drugs act by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme which decreases the production of angiotensin II. They must be used in caution while using with other drugs because of their potential to increase potassium levels. Statins are used to control hypercholesterolemia. These include atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. Their use leads to significant improvement in endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries in patients with hyperlipidemia. They also have the advantage of stabilizing atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries and may even contribute to regression of coronary atherosclerosis (Zevitz, 2006). The cornerstone of medical treatment in both patients with symptomatic and those with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is antianginal medications. The drugs which fall in to this category include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, felodipine, and amlodipine, and nitrates. These drugs act by increasing blood supply into the coronary arteries. Long-acting nitrates are effective in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and are frequently used in combination with both beta-blockers and calcium channel antagonists. Short-acting nitroglycerin is the agent of choice in the treatment of acute symptomatic myocardial ischemia (Zevitz, 2006). The antiplatelet drugs which may be used are aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, or dipyridamole. Of these, aspirin is most effective in reducing risk for MI. These drugs act by decreasing platelet aggregation and inhibiting thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect. The goal of pharmacotherapy in CCF is to achieve a PCWP of 15-18 mm Hg and a cardiac index >2.2 L/min/m2, while maintaining adequate blood pressure and perfusion to

Individual Proposal to Change or Add a Policy, or Create New Business Research Paper

Individual Proposal to Change or Add a Policy, or Create New Business - Research Paper Example The virtual system would also promise high levels of productivity for employees by digitalizing all information. There are a thousand stores and shops out there that offer lucrative brands and special offers but you need to highlight your strategy of sit back in your chair and shop for groceries concept. Background The globe is changing at a fast scale and everything is contracting into one with the advancement in science and technology. We have already seen the venture and game of mobile companies creating virtual markets for their application shoppers and brand addicts. There is a great socio and economic tornado that is sweeping the world to conform to the latest trends of technology and it. In such a scenario the business environment is becoming highly competitive and to gain competitive advantage it is necessary to go online. Now is the ear of Information and technology change and consumers has become so intelligent and market sensitive that brining innovation is essential to su rvive in the competitive landscape (Reiss, 2012 ). Problem The problem with this policy is that it requires a huge organizational change. The change of culture, operations and systems may need to be brought at massive scale. The workforce may have to be downsized and the remaining workforce needs to be prepared for the change. Special trainers need to be hired to train the existing staff. The shift from a traditional system to a virtual one may take a considerable amount of time (Reiss, 2012 ). Intro section outline Need for- Special trainers Change managers Equipment Web developers Analyst Management information system softwares Security managers High tech computer systems Benefits- Eventually lower cost of warehousing Inventory management and accountability can be easily monitored Stand as a competitive advantage in the retail industry Increase productivity Motivate young staff and potential candidates to be a part of the organization Increase sales and profits Cut down warehouses Less staff to manage and pay Less dependency on efficiency of human capital Methods First of all it is necessary to create a business plan. Hiring an MBA is very essential for that. Calculate all costs of getting into the venture and sustaining it. Set out the objectives of the change policy and start implementing the business plan. Assign the project to a project manager. Purchase a domain name for your website and also get return and overhead charges permit from the government and create a website. Establish different paying systems, get associated with renowned banks for easy payment transfers for goods. One you have developed the website, hire a set of people to maintain all systems and keep all information co ordinate. The warehouse software, recruiting, sales order, delivery softwares all should be aligned together for co-ordination of information. Monitor the content being displayed and focus heavily on advertising the new style that you are introducing. Highlight the conven ience factor and market your store like anything and hit all possible virtual markets for example social networking sites. Hire a maintenance and security team to look into the security aspect of your business. The use of digital dash boards and workforce management systems can help in monitoring and evaluating performance before and after the change (Reiss, 2012 ). Qualifications The person

Effect of Globalization on Qatar Architectural identity Case Study

Effect of Globalization on Qatar Architectural identity - Case Study Example In the past five decades, the world has experienced high levels of globalization. These result from liberalizations of markets, efficient flow of information, and integration of economies. Media flows and technological breakthroughs such as internet and TV have made it easy for people in Qatar to share ideas with their counterparts who are located in different parts of the world. This has created a global culture which has led to erosion of the local culture which was unique to the local population. The architectural sector has been largely affected by these changes of events. Initially, architectures were using specific designs that were unique to the Qatari people. This made the country unique. The social aspects of the local people were taken into consideration when designing new buildings, roads, etc. This played a significant role in maintaining the country’s identity. People felt connected to the local designs. However, globalization has opened up boundaries for the loca l people to move to different parts of the world (Ljungstrom, 2013). However, Qatar has also experienced an influx of foreigners who have introduced new designs in the architectural sector. In addition, people have access to internet and social media. As a result, they are able to interact with other people across the world, an aspect that has changed their perception towards the local identity. As a result, they have started to adopt change. This has forced the industry to look for innovative ideas which will attract the attention of the local people. Over the years, Qatar was little known for its Architectural innovativeness. People were using similar designs to develop their towns. The architectural sector was less developed and people working in this sector were not flexible. As a result, they were not willing to adapt to changes despite other

William Blake, Romanticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

William Blake, Romanticism - Essay Example Firstly, the poem â€Å"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell† somehow speaks of the goodness in all things even in those which people consider as negative. In the poem, the capital sins are regarded by Blake as good things to God: pride is glory, lust is bounty, wrath is wisdom, and nakedness if the work of God. This then somehow creates a pattern where the succeeding lines illustrate the same polarities between evil and good which are actually the same. Thus, following from the line â€Å"Excess of sorrow laughs. Excess of joy weeps†1, which means that things are not what they seem, it simply means that all lines in the poem are lines of contradictions too2.Therefore, following through from the line â€Å"Joys impregnate, Sorrows bring forth†3, one can conclude that joys will give people something negative and that sorrows will bring people something opposite too. This means that joys impregnate or somehow make someone pregnant, which is basically a bad thing if two people are not married yet. On the other hand, when someone says â€Å"Sorrows bring forth,† it means that perhaps sorrow brings someone â€Å"forth† or forward. This means that such a negative thing like sorrow may always be instrumental in advancing someone. Perhaps, it is because one learns much from sorrow as much as he learns from happiness. The meaning of the line â€Å"Joys impregnate, Sorrows bring forth† (Blake) is also evident in the historical context in which Blake’s â€Å"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell† was written. In fact, William Blake was born during a time when the Bible was glorified4. It was at that time that Blake started pointing out the inaccuracies and errors in the Bible in order to somehow educate the people and make them believe that the Bible was actually a mere creation of man. This was Blake’s protest against organized religion. Thus Blake, through his â€Å"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,† was able to instill in his readers

Health care cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care cost - Essay Example escalated by about thrity nine percent in the four year period between 1999 and 2003, while the hourly earnings during the same period have escalated by fourteen percent. This galloping health care costs that is affecting affordability of health care is the reason for concern. Any control measures need an understanding of the factors that are responsible for the escalation in health care costs. According to Ginsberg, 2004, advances in science and technology that has seen a rise in new technologies available to health care, is the prime driving force behind the escalation in health care costs. These new technologies have provided newer diagnostic tools and treatments in the medical care of patients. Many of these diagnostic procedures and treatments are much more expensive than the older diagnostic procedures and treatments. An example of this is the expense involved in magnetic resonance imaging, which increases the diagnostic costs significantly, where it is employed as a diagnostic aid. Some treatments may be more cost effective, and lead to less discomfort in patients, but it is these very same beneficial qualities that cause its higher rate of use, leading to increase in costs. Thus new technology is the main culprit in the escaltion of health care costs. Does that mean denying the use of new technology in health care is the solution to the vexing problem of escalating healthcare costs. The answer is no. For in doing so the benefits of advances in science and technology would be denied to the people. The solution rather lies in the judicious use of new technology in healthcare (Ginsberg, P., 2004). Health care costs cannot be eliminated, and need to be only controlled for, "health interventions are not free, people are not infinitely rich, and the budgets of [health care] programmes are limited. For every dollars worth of health care that is consumed, a dollar will be paid. While these payments can be laundered, disguised or hidden, they will not go away"

Comparison of the poems Half-caste and Not My Business Essay Example for Free

Comparison of the poems Half-caste and Not My Business Essay John Agard and Niyi Osundare have both written poems that protest about events or attitudes of people. Agard is From the Caribbean where the population is made up of people from lots of different races. Therefore he is used to being around people of mixed race and will know from first hand experience how horrible it can be to be called only half a person. Osundare has got a good point to make here which is that if people see something going on that is wrong but does not directly involve them, they should do what they can to stop the wrong doing rather than leave it as it may well be them someday and there could be no one to save them. You never know. The first poem is about the term Half-Caste which the poet: John Agard, objects to as he thinks that it makes us think of people of mixed race as only half a person instead of a whole person or individual. The next poem Not My Business is about the violence used by the state authorities against the people of Nigeria. The poet: Niyi Osundare believes that you should stand up for what is right, regardless of whether it bothers you at that specific time. Not My Business is said to echo this statement: First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews and I did not speak because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak for me. The statement is by Pastor Martin Niemoller it is very much like the poem Not My Business not only because of what is said, but also because of how it is structured. In the first three stanzas what is happening is happening to someone else, not the narrator. However in the last stanza what is happening is happening to the person in the story, either I or the Narrator. In Half-Caste The poet want us to realize that the term is such a stupid one and he wants the people who use it to realize this and change their attitudes towards people of mixed race. Also the structure of the poem is good as he uses humour at the beginning to catch the readers attention and then explains the stupidity of the term. Osundare believes that it is peoples indifference and detachment from what is going on around them that is allowing the terror to go on. The repeated phrase about what business of his is it is indented which shows a distance from what is going on or a detachment. Agard writes phonetically as to the way he would speak the poem, it is one of those poems that needs to be spoken to get the full meaning. He speaks in a patois and uses calypso rhythm and rhyme, which is an example of how English and African dialects have combined and are now a key feature of the poets Caribbean culture. Not My Business uses a repeated phrase which is just saying What business of mine is it etc. This is also indented and therefore shows distance from what is going on in the paragraph. This use of language is a good way to show this distance. This poem says a lot about peoples cultures, not only Nigeria, but people are like this all over the world, and it says a lot that people wont stick up for what is right just so long as it does not bother them. Both of these poems had a lot to say and they have said it in a strong and down to earth kind of way. The first used humour to get peoples attention and then had a go about the term Half-caste. However the second just used three examples and then showed that a problem will get much worse if it is left and oppressive regimes are not nice things and people need to stick up and fight against them!

Slavery in Ile de France

Slavery in Ile de France Slavery in Ile de France If we go back into history, we can note that slavery had existed on the island since the sixteenth century by the Dutch settlement. Slavery had become firmly embedded in the economy and society of Mauritius. Mauritius, previously known as ‘Ile de France’ was colonised by the Dutch (1638-1710), the French (1715-1810) and later by the British (1810-1835) which paved the way towards the abolition of slavery in 1835. It was only when Guillaume Dufresne d’Arsel landed in 1715 that the island came to be known as a French colony. He named it ‘Ile de France’. It was only in 1721 that the French began to occupy the island. From 1598 to 1710, the Dutch were the first one to take possession of the island. However, we cannot deny that before the Dutch stay in Mauritius, in 1510, a Portuguese sailor, Don Pedro Mascarenhas was the main founder of the island but he was not interested. Whether during the Dutch, French or British stay in Mauritius, they faced a lot of problems. So, slaves had to be brought from other countries. As we already know, since centuries, under the colonial era, the one having more territories was considered to be more powerful. But who will work on those territories? Since there were not enough workers to work on the land, it was necessary to bring slaves on the island through slave trade. Slavery had played an important role in the historiography of the island. Whether in early eighteenth or nineteenth century, while European settlers were on the island, we can examine the condition of the slaves with their masters. Slavery in Mauritius is still considered to be less harsh than others like West Indian slavery. Slaves were mainly brought from countries like Goa-India, Madagascar, Mozambique and other regions of Africa but Reunion was the first island from which slaves were first introduced in Ile de France. But what was the aim behind this? They were brought to work for the development and betterment of Ile de France. This was seen to be advantageous for slave owners since slaves’ labour was being exploited at cheaper price. The slaves were divided into different ethnic categories such as Creole, Indian, Malagasy and Mozambican. Each ethnic group were portrayed as having specific attributes; for example. Mozambican slaves were characterised as being hardworking on plantation fields which indicates that they were physically strong but less intelligent. Contrary to this, Indian slaves were weak to work on plantations fields. According to Milbert, the African slaves were less in numbers. Furthermore, Prentout adds that these slaves were seen as the best hardworking labourers but more intelligent than the Mozambican slaves;  « Parmi eux, les yolofs, plus grands et plus forts sont regardà ©s comme les meilleurs reprà ©sentants de la race nà ¨gre, ils sont plus intelligents que ceux qui viennent de la cote de Mozambique ou de la cote adjacente  ». Different names were picturised to slaves who came from Africa or Mozambique; ‘Macoas’, ‘Mondjavocas’, ‘Sennas’, ‘Moursenas’, ‘Yabanes’, ‘Mouquidos’, ‘Mavairs’, ‘Macondes’ and ‘Miamoeses’. These slaves were physically portrayed as having thick lips, flat nose, oily skin and woolly hair. Another category of slaves coming from Madagascar were known to be ‘Hovas’, ‘Betsilà ©es’, ‘Antatoimes’, and ‘Sakalavas’. Those who came from India were classified as ‘Talingas’, ‘Malabars’ and ‘Bengalis’. In addition, people had their own perception about the relationship between slaves and their owners. Likewise, Charles Telfair noticed that there was a relationship of kindness which prevailed between slaves and their masters; â€Å"dans la plus haute classe, les rapports des maitres avec les esclaves à ©taient empreints de bienveillance†. Thus, the master was far from being a cruel and oppressive ruler. Prentout further adds that;  «il n’y avait pas à   l’ile de France, la mà ªme haine des esclaves qu’aux Antilles ». Slaves were nevertheless known to be a source of property for their masters. Reynolds Michel, a priest of Catholic Diocese argues that â€Å"Slavery, an institution as old as the history of human society is based on the exploitation of man’s labour. Certainly the history of slavery is a history of blood and tears lived by millions of men and women, a memory of people torn from their land of origin, of bodies thrown at the bottom of the holds of ships, corpses thrown overboard, removal and prohibition to bear one’s surname, forced labour and humiliation n the plantations. But it is also the story of a permanent resistance from beginning to end. And it is this strength in resistance in its many forms which abolished slavery†. Therefore, slaves did not lead a comfortable and simple life. They were none other than a source of income for their masters. They were just treated like an object which could be bought or sold anytime without restriction. They had no right to neither misbehave nor demand anything. Even the children of slaves were denied the right to education and were perceived as slaves just like their parents. Power was solely concentrated in the hands of the masters, that is, whenever they wanted they could use and throw away the slaves. For example, women slaves were brought at their master’s place, just for the sake of sexual pleasures. They did not have the right to voice out. In short they did not enjoy any form of human rights and they were completely deprived of their freedom. Thus, â€Å"the history of slavery must be remembered because memory undertakes not to repeat it†. However, we cannot deny the fact that slavery had a great significance in the economic development of th e colony. Dutch period (1638-1710) The Dutch occupation in Ile de France lasted from 1638 to 1710. The Dutch presence in Mauritius became noticeable through their introduction of domestic animals and plants like sugarcane. The Dutch East India Company also known as the ‘Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie’ (VOC) was an institution where the rich and poor were treated equally in trade affairs. This had included the support of Governor Van der Stel who imported slaves as labour was required in abundance for the better functioning of the company. Mauritius was seen as a country which would derive economic benefits for the VOC. During the Dutch period, slaves were brought mainly from Madagascar to work on the fields. However, many slaves, also known as maroon slaves ran away into the forests and often caused havoc for the settlers. They destroyed houses, burn farms or other properties so as to avoid being dominated and exploited. They knew if they were captured by their masters, they had to face severe consequences but still they tried to escape. The Dutch settlement lasted for about 20 years and they finally left the island for the French in 1710. French period (1715-1810) In 1715, the French took control of the island on behalf of the King and renamed it ‘Ile de France’. The island was managed under the direction of the French East India Company and it retained its existence until 1767. From 1767 until 1810, the French government chose officials and appointed them in Ile de France but this lasted only for a short period until the French revolution. Besides, amidst the Napoleonic wars, the French used Ile de France as a base where French corsairs were successful in launching surprise attacks on British ships. Until 1810, the French attacks and efforts in holding up the colony were effective until the British landed, but this time in great numbers and thus took possession of the island while the French capitulated. While surrendering, the British assured that the practice of the French traditions, customs, language and religion would be respected and maintained. Among the French settlers, the Code Noir was established and subsequently seen as the rules that slaves had to follow. It was published between 1685 and 1783 and declared by Louis X1V in 1723. Bernardin de Saint- Pierre was somehow in favour about the regime of the ‘Code-Noir’ but he claimed that the laws established for the slaves were not really granted to them. He adds that â€Å" il y a une loi faite en faveur des esclaves appelà ©e le Code Noir. Cette loi favorable ordonne qu’à   chaque punition ils ne recevront pas plus de trente coups, qu’ils ne travailleront point le dimanche, qu’on leur donnera de la viande toutes les semaines, des chemises tous les ans; quand ils sont vieux, on les envoie chercher leur vie comme ils peuvent. Un jour j’en vis un qui n’avoit que la peau et les os, dà ©couper la chair d’un cheval mort pour la manger. C’à ©tait un squelette qui en dà ©vorait un autre†. Slaves were forced to respect the laws even if they had to undergo tyrannical treatments. Nagapen argues, â€Å"les maitres s’arrogeaient le droit de vie et de mort sur leurs esclaves†. The slaves were granted the right to be baptised by the Articles I and II of the Code-Noir. Besides, they were not allowed to join into matrimony without the permission of their masters. Yet, the ‘Code-Noir’ was somehow useful for the slaves as it provided support for them both physically and morally. The owners were restrained from ill-treating and torturing the slaves. Slaves did not work on Sundays and public holidays. Additionally, they had the right to lodge complains against their owners and that to be done to the ‘procureur- gà ©nà ©ral’ namely Virieux. When he settled on the island, â€Å"he noticed that in no other colony had slaves been treated so well and the reasons for this were that the ‘ruler’ passed ‘wise and enlightened measures’, that whites were nicer towards their slaves than free black slave- owners†. In his study, Karl Noel mentions that slaves did not complain about any laws imposed upon them. In fact, they had no right but only to be obedient towards the law. The type of punishment the slave had to face was decided by the owners. Maroon slaves had to bear harsh consequences than them like their ears being cut or they even faced death. In short, governors like Souillac and Pierre Poivre blamed the unpleasant and dreadful foundation of slavery. Slaves were also in constant struggle towards the laws imposed upon them. Those who could no more tolerate these brutal conditions landed up committing theft, suicide, abortion or even escaping from there. In 1735, the French Governor Labourdonnais started developing Ile de France. Whether under the Dutch rule or French settlement, Ile de France became victim of several threats like starvation. Hence, Labourdonnais introduced staple food like manioc and maize for the slaves. Karl Noel assumed that under the French governance there were less agricultural works but they rather focussed on commerce, industry and warfare.

Analyse The Factors Affecting The Strategic Plans

Analyse The Factors Affecting The Strategic Plans Tesco plc is a well-established and consistently growing food retailer global company operating in UK and many other countries like USA, Europe, Thailand, China, Japan and so on. It was established in 1919 by Jack Cohen, when he sold some groceries in the stall in East London and then it later lead to the opening of the first Tesco store in 1929 in North London. Using the well-researched and consistent strategy for growth, Tesco has been able to strengthen their core UK business and lead them to expand into new markets. Tesco has already been declared as the no.1 superstore in UK against its rivals Asda, Sainsbury and Morrison. Tesco is still aiming to broaden the scope of their business to enable it to deliver strong sustainable long-term growth by following the customers into the basic and the large expanding markets at cheaper price. Currently, Tesco has over 2200 stores in UK and has been able to reach every possible customer through its different types of outlets as superstore, metro, extra, express and by various means as online shopping through Tesco direct, Reserve and collect plus loyalty/club cards, insurance, clothing, banking and financial services, telecoms, insurance. So this report will be identifying Tescos vision, Mission, its current strategic objectives, evaluates them and analyses the factors that will be affecting strategic plan. The purpose of this case study is to review and determine the organizational strategic aims and objectives identify and analyse the progress towards organizational strategic aims and objectives and to determine and evaluate strategic options to support a revised strategic position. 1.1 Identify the current strategic aims and objectives TESCOS STRATEGY Our well-established and consistent strategy for growth has given the business momentum to grow through the downturn. (1) Long term Strategy According to Tescos official website it is clearly evident that Tesco has a well-established and consistent strategy for growth. The rationale for the strategy is to broaden the scope of the business to enable it to deliver strong, sustainable long-term growth by following customers into large expanding markets at home such as financial services, non-food and telecoms and new markets abroad, initially in Central Europe and Asia and more recently in the United States. Objectives:- The objectives of the strategy are: Successful global retailer Tesco aims to be one of the most successful global retailer organisation in the world. With this idea in mind they have opened stores in many other countries like Canada, USA, Europe, Thailand, China and Middle East. Growth in core UK business Tesco also aims on growing its business as the core UK business as it is originated here. It had 1500 stores in UK in 2007 whereas the number has reached to over 2000 by now. And it has diversified its market from only being a food retailer to selling fuel, clothes, housing, finance, banking, insurance, mobile broad band and electronics. Strong non food retailer As Tesco has been known for its food items and is the leader in food retailing, Tesco also aims to develop the rest of the retailing it has been doing. They are working hard to be as strong in non-food as they are in food. Developing banking and finance Tesco is also working for developing retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Banking, Telecoms and Tesco.com. This is showing that Tesco is determined to help its customers even with the financial and banking services. As the name specifies, Tesco is all set to deliver Every little helps. Community friendly Approach Tesco is determined to put community at the heart of what they do and help maintain the natural balance. Values and aims According to the official website, Tesco feels that: No-one tries harder for customers than Tesco They have mentioned that they understand their customers needs and they want to be the first to meet their needs and at the same time they want to act responsibly to their community in order to avoid any kind of degradation in the environment and ethnicity. Tesco promises to treat people as we like to be treated: Work as a teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Trust and respect each otherListen, support and say thank youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Share knowledge and experience.so we can enjoy our work. Tesco has been taking regular feedbacks from customers by asking them and the staff what can be done to make shopping with them and working with them better.(2) 1.2 Undertake an evaluation of the component parts of a strategic plan Tescos strategy to diversify the business in 1997 has been a very important landmark and the base to the success of the company. Product Diversification from being only food retailer to non-food retail was the best decision that has made Tesco to be the market leaders in many of their markets in and outside UK. According to Tescos official website (www.tescoplc.com), its vision and mission are: Vision- Every little helps. Tescos vision is very simple as it is stated. It simply focuses on providing every little helps to the customers. Tesco is willing to follow the customers and their basic needs and be the only retailer to help them out with every kind of help they need -small or big Mission Tesco aims to broaden the scope of their business to enable it to deliver strong long-term sustainable growth by following their customer into large expanding markets at home such as financial services, non-food and telecoms and new markets abroad, initially in Central Europe and Asia, and more recently in the United States Chairman s statement Over the past decade Tesco has transformed itself into a diverse international business- we are well-positioned for long-term growth. Tesco is scanning the external environment as much as possible in order to develop its mission and vision. All these efforts from Tesco is making them able to meet their strategic plan to be everywhere, to sell everything and sell to everyone . Managers are taking further actions to full fill their promise. They are satisfying and identifying customer needs through affordable prices, quality products, home delivery, 24 hrs service, recycling, business expansion and technological developments such as online shopping and home deliveries. These evidences shows that; there is a clear alignment between their mission. Vision and strategies. This helps tesco in being market leader in UK retail super markets. 1.3 Analyse the factors affecting the strategic plan For any business to run and meet its long-term strategic aims and objectives, there is a great involvement of the environment. The environment is divided into Macro/external and Micro/internal environment and there factors which are affecting the long-term organisational strategic planning. Some factors both external and internal for Tesco are discussed below: Internal factors are those factors which come from the business and affect it without any regards to the external factors like suppliers, customers, distributors and so on. Some examples are Research and Development, Employee Turnover/employee satisfaction, Physical assets, mission and objectives and so on. The internal environment consists of variables (Strength, Weakness, Threat and Opportunities) that are within the organization itself and are not usually within the short-run control of the Top management. This variables form the context in which work is done. They include the cooperations structure, culture and resources, Key strength form a set of core competencies which the organization can use to gain competitive advantage. (Thomas L. Wheelen, J. David Hunger (2000). Strategic Management Business Policy. p10) By analyzing PEST Analysis, it is observed that Tescos strategic plan is affected by various external factors. They are: 1. POLITICAL FACTORS Government interferes in the economy of every company. Factors such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs and political stability makes the major impact on the business and the society as well as the global market. This year the government has increased the tax from 17.5% to 20%. This has affected the profit of Tesco and is affecting the long-term aims, mission and vision of Tesco. 2. ECONOMICAL FACTORS Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_rate / Inflation raterate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a Tescos revenue and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Example: increased fuel tax, impact of credit crunch on sales. SOCIAL FACTORS Social factor includes the cultural aspects and include growth rate of population, age distribution, health consciousness, career attitudes and health and safety. Changes in the social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, the new trend of health consciousness has resulted in Tesco to produce more organic and low fat foods such as skim milk, organic milk, organic vegetables, Lighter choices with nutritional value mentioned in the product and local charities and getting Thailand over fit- 3 million people involved in aerobics Tesco has changed various management strategies to adapt to the social trends such as recruiting older workers and long term unemployed people as a part of social responsibility; Regeneration: where people who are unemployed for more than 6 months had been trained for several weeks and were guaranteed jobs; Community Champions and many volunteers helping the community and local charities. (UK supporting canc er research with race for life to fight against cancer) (4) 4. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Technological factors include technological aspects such a Research and development activity, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. Technological changes in Tesco can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Example: Use of self check out service, online shopping and reserve and collect service(new) has saved huge amount of labour cost, has avoided customers from being charged for same product more than one time plus has saved time of the customers. Or use of security system and CCTV cameras has prevented Tesco from having huge amount of stock variances and made the staff more work efficient with the fear of being caught while doing irresponsible activity during their duty hours. 5. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Environmental factors are growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how tesco operates and the products they offer, both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Zero carbon foot prints, Recycling, sustainability are the areas of focus for tesco, so that the products have been labeled with the message of recycling. Using local resourced products is attracting customers towards the specific food products.Example: climate change affecting Tescos supply and transport. 6. LEGAL FACTORS Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, data protection law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. Assuring Health and safety in all the regions wherever it is expanded is one more challenging Legal responsibility of Tesco. These factors can affect how Tesco operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Example: Tesco to avoid the legal opposition to expand on the high streets LO2: Evaluate alternative strategies to meet the desired future strategic position. 2.1 Apply a range of strategic analysis tools to audit progress towards strategic aims and objectives SWOT ANALYSIS FOR TESCO INTERNAL FACTORS Strength Weakness  · Giant Leader in superstores  · Financial stability  · Huge Brand name  · Bulk goods importers and sellers  · Product Diversification from being food retailer to non food plus electronics, telecom, insurance, banking and finance  · Competitive pricing-providing goods and services in low price  · Ensuring Health and Safety in different parts of the world  · Maintaining Quality issues as the goods are supplied from different suppliers abroad, out of which some are not very experienced with maintaining high quality.  · Stabilizing itself as a good non food retailer.  · Maintaining their presence and growing customer loyalty in the recently expanded countries  · Expansion in more developing c countries  · The competitors: Asda being competitively cheaper Sainsbury, Morrison being food retailers with comparative pricing  · Environmental issues and corporate Governance responsibility Opportunities Threats EXTERNAL FACTORS Strengths Giant leader in superstore and financial stability Tesco has over 2200 stores and Tesco holds more than 71% share in the UK retail market Its strategic capability explains that it will continue to grow share in food, while increasing space contribution from supermarket will allow it to drive a higher share in non-food. Tescos business growth shows no sign of failing. In the UK, Tescos late 2006 investment into West-midlands based convenience store group TS was billed as the most aggressive move into the neighbourhood market by a big-name retailer so far. They are aggressively expanding and going with acquisitions with the local food stores. The deal has turned Tesco into the countrys biggest convenience store chain, and the company also plans to open up 95 new stores PLC in the UK this year which includes 6 stores purely based on Regeneration Scheme. Tescos general growth shows no sign of failing. Health safety issues and maintaining quality Maintaining health and safety is a major challenge for Tesco. From the suppliers to warehouses and to the store, there is always a risk associated. Plus making sure that the stock is properly handled in the store by stacking them properly and the use of trolleys and their proper management is also the major responsibility of Tesco. They must make sure that every single person who is linked to Tesco should be safe while they operate their operations. Maintaining the quality and standard of goods they supply is also a major challenge to a bulk good retailer like Tesco as they have to get goods from their suppliers all around the world. They have been very fair to their suppliers and they want them to be decent to them by maintaining the standard of the goods they produce and supply. Opportunities Business growth and expansion in Europe is successful but it still has to work in some other parts of world. They have just started exploring Asia but being all over Asia and the rest part of the world is a strong opportunity. Being established as a non-food retailer is another very good opportunity for Tesco. Since the start of diversification, they are working to prove Tesco not only as a grocery store but a superstore providing customers with every little helps. Weaknesses 2.2 Review and assess the expectations of major stakeholders and their influence upon the organisational strategy Engagement with stakeholders is helping Tesco identify new risks and opportunities and to ensure that their long-term goal and strategy is sustainable. In some cases, they have found that working with stakeholders in partnership can help deliver shared goals. Tesco feels that they might not be able to satisfy all stakeholder concerns all the time but through proper engagement they can do their best to balance competing demands. Tesco is very committed to having a productive dialogue with its stakeholders inorder ensure that they understand what is important to them. This is allowing themselves the opportunity to maintain their position. Engaging with stakeholders includes customers, employees, suppliers, investors, government, regulators and non-governmental organisations.() (www.tesco.com/cr2010) The major stakeholders of Tesco plc.are: Customers Customers need to be able to trust tescos business and they will only trust only if they believe that there is appropriate engagement in regular basis with the stakeholders. Tesco has been using various strategies to able to win the trust of its stake holders by following various strategies such as Cost leadership, diversification, Tesco believes that if they can offer what the customer needs than surely they will come back and purchase again. This is helping to establish and gain lifetime loyalty of the customers. The launch of Club cards is helping customers satisfy their needs and quality services are the functional business strategy of Tecso. They have been innovating more than 2000 new products (food/non-food) every year depending upon the demand of the customers. Example: Launching organic, dietary and healthier food options, Nutritional values in the packaging and making sure that the quality of the food is maintained by doing mystery audits in the suppliers factories. And the new self check out system where customers can grab whatever they want and go has helped the customer to manage their time and made it simple to operate. According to the Tesco website, Tesco says No-one tries harder for customers: Understand customers. Be first to meet their needs. Act responsibly for our communities. Treat people as we like to be treated: Work as a team. Trust and respect each other. Listen, support and say thank you. Share knowledge and experience.so we can enjoy our work. We regularly ask our customers and our staff what we can do to make shopping with us and working with us that little bit better. This proves Tesco has been treating their customers as the core of their business and are providing every simple and small helps by being fair to them. (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/values/) Employees Tesco employees 285,000 employees. Philip Clarke, Chief Executive from 2011 says If we dont look after our staff the chances are they will not look after our customer. (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/media/board_announcement/) Tesco has been using the term A great place to work in which they include; Our staff have told us what is important to them to be treated with respect, having a manager who helps them, having an interesting job and an opportunity to get on. Helping achieve what is important to our staff will help us to deliver an Every Little Helps Shopping Trip for our customers. (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/values/) The statement clearly states that they treat everyone with respect and dignity. At the same time they have great managers who are always ready to help the team and make their job interesting everyday and giving them good opportunities by job rotation, job enrichment and job enlargement. These activities take the employees off from the regular job pattern, motivates them to learn and do new things everyday. And staff are the basic point of contact to customers and it is very important to get them right to gain satisfaction and loyalty of all our customer. Employees are the most important and basic level of contact with customers. Every customer remembers his first experience when he visits the store and the way he had been assisted. A good and motivated employee always treats them very well. So Tesco has been very focused to make sure the employees do their duties in the right way and makes sure that every customer and even the employee is being treated in the right way. Rewards wise also Tesco is the only organization which has been giving bonuses to their staff on doing their regular jobs. For maintaining the accuracy of stock level they get 15% bonus, till accuracy 5% bonus and Mystery shoppers result 5% bonus. Apart from this there are more benefits and rewards the employees are getting like holiday pay, outstanding service award, discount in shopping, career breaks, free company shares. Tesco has recently given a huge amount of share profit to its employees (02/06/10). More than 216,000 Tesco staff, from checkout operators to drivers and managers found out that they will share a  £105 million bonus pot as the company announced details of its biggest ever Shares In Success scheme(http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/media/pr/pr2010/2010-06-02/). Supplier Tesco has been supplying goods from different parts of the world as the bulk retailer has to meet the demands of huge retail market segment like Kenya, South Africa, Spain, Scotland, Wales, and has high expectations of its suppliers. They have built a strong relationship with their suppliers, have given them the best value for their customers and given their customers the confidence of maintaining good standard through out their chain. They are very focused in treating the people in the right way so that they perform better and which will automatically helps in improving sustainability in their supply chain by encouraging suppliers to make proper investment in products and stable work. Due to their decent pricing, Tesco is confidient to keep the trading for longer period of time and is willing to get enough support from its supplier by being with them and helping them maintain their ethical and food standards. Tesco has been sourcing products from the countries which has cheaper good employment practices, cheap labour and less regulations to maintain the level of margin. (http://cr2010.tescoplc.com/en/buying-and-selling-our-products-responsibly.aspx) Tesco has been paying more for the diary suppliers. Kenayen suppliers had been supplying goods since long time. Tesco launched an awarding agenda where they had been launching surprise visits and evaluating the hard work done by the suppliers and rewarding them afterwards. Tesco has also been providing necessary training to the suppliers staff in Kenya, South Africa. The following diagram shows the competitive rivalry and shows the effect of stake holders in the business. 2.3 Analyse, interpret and produce a structured evaluation of the organisational strategic position Note: The challenges faced by the organisation may be identified, for example, competitive environment, external climate and globalisation (if applicable) may be examined. The knowledge gained by studying Porters three generic strategies and PESTAL analysis may be applied. Political view reflects that the economic downturn- credit crunch has lead to high number of unemployment. But Tesco has been able to help a number of people by providing them jobs. and therefore helping the unemployment. Regeneration: People who are unemployed for more than 6 months had been trained for several weeks and were guaranteed job. Three new stores were opened and 320 people were employed. 6 more stores will be opening this year. Community Champions: Tesco has Community Champions and many volunteers helping the community and local charities, Healthy living for customers: is one of key promise by Tesco and is celebrated by producing healthy products like lighter choices, nutritional value mentioned in the product, getting fit-Thailand over 3 million people involved in aerobics, UK supporting cancer research with race for life to fight against cancer. Tesco is also instrumental as a retailer in supporting carbon reductions and have also encouraged their customers to make low carbon choices .They created a  £100 million Sustainable Technology Fund for this purpose. At the same time they are maintaining the eco-friendly approach by helping reducing the pollution-they are passing the message to their customers to reuse and recycle the wastages. LO3: Decide upon a strategy and identify how, if required, you would justify your selection to meet the required future strategic position. 3.1 Identify and develop a range of alternative strategic options to meet strategic aims and objectives Note: This section requires the candidate to apply his/her own judgement so that a few alternate options are visualised and discussed,. For example the candidate may propose emphasis on alternate products, or increased after sale service, or following aggressive marketing strategy etc. During the 1980s Professor Michael Porter from Harvard Business School developed the model of generic competitive strategies. He called the strategies generics as they can be undertaken by businesses of any size or type, even if they are non-profit organisations (Hunger and Wheelen [2001]p82). He argued that companies only have three strategies to choose from: Cost leadership Differentiation Focus Porter also believed that before a company decides which strategy to adopt, it must know its competitive scope: the breadth of its target market, the range of products it wishes to produce, the distribution channels, the type of buyers and geographic areas it wants to serve and the related industries it will be competing in (Hunger and Wheelen [2001]p82).The cost leadership strategy is aimed at the broad mass market and requires actions like cost minimisation in research and development, services, sale forces, advertising and so on. By doing this the company will sell its product for smaller price than its competitors but still achieve reasonable profit. This also creates entry barrier for the new market entrants, as it would be difficult for them to match the low cost of the existing producer. (Hunger and Wheelen [2001] p83). The differentiation strategy is aimed at the broad mass market as well, but this time creating a product which must be perceived as unique by its customers, for example through design, The strategy aims to gain customer loyalty and therefore making the buyer insensitive image, technology, customer service, dealer network and so on to a higher price. This again will also make entry more difficult for new entrants (Hunger and Wheelen [2001] p83). (Hunger and Wheelen [2001] p83) argue, differentiation strategy generates high profits as it creates a better entry barrier. Low cost strategy however creates increase in market share. Focus strategy concentrates on serving only a certain niche market as either a cost leader or with a differentiation strategy. In cost focus a firm seeks a cost advantage in its target market only, in differentiation focus a firm seeks differentiation in its segment (Lynch [2000]p.568) The following diagram may illustrate Porters model in more detail: Fig: Porters Generic Model (http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml) Tesco has been implementing the cost leadership strategy since its establishment. And after going to non-food retail in 2004, it also applied the diversification strategy in their business to meet the customers every needs. Tesco launched its own broad band in 2004 followed by Home plus in 2005. Globalisation has been another important step taken by Tesco. Though Tescos Fresh n easy did not do very well in USA in the first 2 years of its establishment, now it is maintaining its grip among the customers, according to Sir Terry Leahy Chief Executive. Tesco has been very successful in Europe and in Asia. To flourish more of its business in South Asia, Tesco has an exclusive franchise agreement with Trent, the retail arm of Tata Group to support the development of their Star Bazaar format by the end of 2010 in India. Since Tesco has already used the first two strategies, it still has the Focus strategy in hand. Tesco can still aim on the niche markets and work on that segment of the market in order to gain more market share. Tesco has recently opened their first baby store in Manchester which provides all the necessary materials to the toddlers including clothes, push chairs, strollers, car seats, high chairs etc. Similarly, the start of DRIVE-THRU store has covered another segment of people who drive and have very strict time schedule. Apart from that Tesco should also work on its weaknesses. Maintaining Health and safety in all parts of the world with its globalisation and maintaining quality of goods upto the Tesco standard at all times is the major challenge. Tesco should make sure that their ware house, suppliers factories and even the shop floor should be Health and Safety approved and should have all kinds of equipments that helps in maintaining it such as use of helmets, gloves, safety goggles and also training the people with right procedures of lifting weight, handling chemicals and so on. Tesco must make sure that every product they sell is 100% hygienic to the customers and has the same quality and standard at all times. Because of having different suppliers all over the world and buying goods on bulk, Tesco might not be have been able to keep proper maintained standard at all times(as some issues were raised last year regarding the bread supplier) So focusing strategy is not only a good idea to get a grip over the niche market segments but also to maintain its brand value among the existing customers. 3.2 Determine and justify the strategic option that meets the revised strategic position Note: Out of the alternate options in 3.1 above, the one which is considered to be most suitable to meet the new strategic position, may be identified. Justification may be given as to how this selected option is likely to fit in the present position. Out of the various strategies suggested above in 3.1,Focus on maintaining quality and brand value at all times all over the world without a single compromise is the most important option which is most suitable to meet new strategic position and is likely to fit in the present position. Tesco has already been market leader in Cost leadership and has used Differentiation strategy to its limit by understanding the needs of people to the basic extent and providing them the services and satisfying them. They have already started working in the niche marketing strategy by starting DRIVE-THRU store and Kids store. Tesco is aiming to launch mortgages in the first half of 2011, followed by current accounts in the second half of 2011/2012 financial year.

Impact of Childhood Attachment and Separation Experiences upon Adult Re

Impact of Childhood Attachment and Separation Experiences upon Adult Relationships Abstract This qualitative research was conducted to ascertain if the attachment style a person has as an adult is created or influenced by his/her interactions with early childhood experiences. The research was carried out by means of a thematic analysis of an interview of a married middle-aged couple. The interviews bought the themes of Work, Childhood and Relationships to the foreground and these were analysed to establish if there is a connection in our childhood attachments and those we make as adults. It can be seen that there are similarities to the attachment types of infants compared to those that emerge as adults although individual differences and life experiences also have a part to play in our capacity to form secure adult attachment relationships. Introduction The general principle behind attachment theory is to describe and explain people’s stable patterns of relationships from birth to death. Because attachment is thought to have an evolutionary basis, these social relationships are formed in order to encourage social and cognitive development, and enable the child to grow up to ‘become socially confident’ in adulthood. The assumption in attachment research on children is that sensitive responses by the parents to the child’s needs result in a child who demonstrates secure attachment while lack of sensitive responding results in insecure attachment. John Bowlby who attempted to understand the distress infants experience during separation from their parents originally developed this research. Bowlby saw attachment as being crucial to a child’s personality developing and to the development of relationships with others later in life. This theory has its foundation in vertical relationships i.e. Primary Care Giver/Child, while on the other hand in The Nurture Assumption, Judith Rich Harris (1999) suggests that it is the peer groups that have the strongest control in shaping how that child will grow up and that parents have very little influence over the matter, this is known as a horizontal relationship. In developing and classifying infant behaviour Mary Ainsworth who worked with Bowlby for a number of years developed a method of gauging attachment in infants, in an experiment known as the ‘Strange Situation’. This involved observations in la... ...ng to see Jo smile and raise her eyebrows when Tony says at the beginning of the first interview he is â€Å"Fairly easy going†. It led me as a researcher to think that perhaps this was not actually the case, in Jo’s opinion. Actions like this give the interview a complete different angle, and can add tremendous information to the final interpretation of what is said. References Wood C, Littleton K & Oates J, Lifespan development, Chapter 1 in Challenging Psychological Issues by Cooper T and Roth I (eds) The Open University, Milton Keynes, 2002. Ainsworth, M.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E. and Wall, S. (1978) Patters of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum Goodley D, Lawthom R, Tindall C, Tobbell J, Wetherell M, (eds) (2003) Methods Booklet 4 – Understanding People: Qualitative Methods. Open University Press. Banister P, (ed) (2003) Methods Booklet 5 – Qualitative Project. Open University Press. Harris, J.R. (1999) The Nurture Assumption, London Bloomsbury. Research Methods in Psychology DSE 212 Video 1 –Part 4: Interviewing, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Appendix Appendix A -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Annotated copy of transcript.

The Role of Faith-based Organisations in Poverty Alleviation Essay

To get a clear understanding of the contributions by faith-based social services and where they stand, it is important to first define a faith-based organization and explore the theories from which they derive. Staff of these organizations may most often share the same faith and provide service in accord with their beliefs. â€Å"For some faith-based organizations, faith is manifest in the act of service itself, conspicuous in the compassion inherent in the way work is performed. For others there are programmatic elements which may include prayer, the teaching of religious values, studying religious texts, and worship. These elements may be implied, rather than explicit -- integrated within an faith-based organizations services or segregated – and may either be mandatory or voluntary as part of a given service† (The Roundtable). Faith-based organizations can be made up of different categories such as, congregation-based, independent religiously-affiliated nonpro fits, large national faith-affiliated social service providers, and coalitions or intermediaries (The Roundtable). To provide a definitive breakdown of each organization could be everlasting, however, each organization involves some of the same aspects. Many of us might be familiar with the larger multi-service faith-based organizations they include: Life Catholic Charities, Jewish Family Services, Lutheran Social Services, Salvation Army, and Volunteers of America (The Roundtable). Faith-based organizations mentioned above are more likely than not to contain explicitly religious elements in their activities. â€Å"The Roundtable staff developed and refined a Faith Integration Scale that places faith-based organizations along a continuum ranging from those that are indistingu... ...ions provided love, nurture, and help which my provide long lasting support to an individual who was once ready to dive into a state of depression. Faith- based organizations work could be viewed as inappropriate in our current time, although little is known about the role that â€Å"faith† plays in bringing about desired change in the lives of social service recipients. In my eyes the services provided are in no way inappropriate. Religious or not, I believe most people have a sense of a higher being which is in control of our lives. Even if religion did not play a factor, faith-based organizations contribute greatly to aiding the ways of poverty. Works Cited Williams, Leslie. â€Å"A Free Clinic Is Providing Desperately Needed Health-Care Cervices In Eastern N.O.† The Roundtable on Religion & Social Welfare Policy. 19 Jun 2006. The Times-Picayune. 10 Oct. 2008

Abortion - A Freedom Of Choice Essay -- Pro Choice Pro-Choice essays r

During the last twenty-five years, abortion has been one of the most heated topics being debated in the United States and Canada. The only topics that equal the abortion debate are race and war. Abortion is a discussion of human interaction where ethics, emotions, and law come together. There are people that have different views of abortion but no matter what their view is they fall under a thin line. There is the pro-choice and the pro-life. These are the only two categories that people’s views fall into. A pro-choice person would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the government has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. Since this embryo or fetus is alive and is a person you have no moral right to abort a life. If you aborted the life (person) you would be committing murder. The word â€Å"murder† is mainly used by pro-lifers to describe what happens when you abort an embryo/fetus. Murder means deliberate and unjustified killing of another person containing intent. How can anyone tell a woman that they can’t abort an embryo/fetus to interrupt a pregnancy if it is a result of rape or incest? A women cannot bear the thought of having a child that would be a constant reminder of what happened on such and such a day, such and such number of years ago. The mother doesn’t want to kill a baby; she wants to interrupt the growth of an embryo so that it will not become a baby. The mother interrupts potential life. If the mother aborts the embryo at a very early stage it’s not even recognizable as human and that’s why potential life is just that, potential. My personal belief is that each woman has the right to decide whether she wants to abort an unwanted pregnancy. Remember the termination of the pregnancy might have to do with the health of the mother herself, maybe the mother is unable to attend to the child’s needs after its born, resulting in child abuse and mental disease. In these situations abortion is a must in my opinion. Most abortions occur because contraception fails, because of a rape or because of a serious medical condition of the mother, which could lead to her death. In these situations abortion is often the only way that prevents the birth of an unwanted child or saves a mothers life. In the world today pregnancy often has catast... ...eering there are many pros and cons for each. What it mainly comes down to is how each individual perceives each situation of abortion and genetic engineering. If one person sees abortion as a women’s choice and can back up his views with proof that it would be better for the mother, then do not try to destroy their views. If a person sees abortion as killing a life and they want to abolish abortion, then let them have a chance to voice their opinions. Remember that it is good to have views from both sides because then people aren’t always seeing in tunnel vision. When looking at genetic engineering I hope people realize that this field of science could be very good to society and also very detrimental. So what ever our society decides to do with abortion and genetic engineering, remember the effects that could happen to the world as a whole. God gave us freedom of choice and if He, as a God, gives all of us this freedom, what right do we have to take it away from peoples opinions? Bibliography â€Å"Induced Abortion Worldwide.† Online. The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Available: http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/ib_0399.html. May 1999. Abortion - A Freedom Of Choice Essay -- Pro Choice Pro-Choice essays r During the last twenty-five years, abortion has been one of the most heated topics being debated in the United States and Canada. The only topics that equal the abortion debate are race and war. Abortion is a discussion of human interaction where ethics, emotions, and law come together. There are people that have different views of abortion but no matter what their view is they fall under a thin line. There is the pro-choice and the pro-life. These are the only two categories that people’s views fall into. A pro-choice person would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the government has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. Since this embryo or fetus is alive and is a person you have no moral right to abort a life. If you aborted the life (person) you would be committing murder. The word â€Å"murder† is mainly used by pro-lifers to describe what happens when you abort an embryo/fetus. Murder means deliberate and unjustified killing of another person containing intent. How can anyone tell a woman that they can’t abort an embryo/fetus to interrupt a pregnancy if it is a result of rape or incest? A women cannot bear the thought of having a child that would be a constant reminder of what happened on such and such a day, such and such number of years ago. The mother doesn’t want to kill a baby; she wants to interrupt the growth of an embryo so that it will not become a baby. The mother interrupts potential life. If the mother aborts the embryo at a very early stage it’s not even recognizable as human and that’s why potential life is just that, potential. My personal belief is that each woman has the right to decide whether she wants to abort an unwanted pregnancy. Remember the termination of the pregnancy might have to do with the health of the mother herself, maybe the mother is unable to attend to the child’s needs after its born, resulting in child abuse and mental disease. In these situations abortion is a must in my opinion. Most abortions occur because contraception fails, because of a rape or because of a serious medical condition of the mother, which could lead to her death. In these situations abortion is often the only way that prevents the birth of an unwanted child or saves a mothers life. In the world today pregnancy often has catast... ...eering there are many pros and cons for each. What it mainly comes down to is how each individual perceives each situation of abortion and genetic engineering. If one person sees abortion as a women’s choice and can back up his views with proof that it would be better for the mother, then do not try to destroy their views. If a person sees abortion as killing a life and they want to abolish abortion, then let them have a chance to voice their opinions. Remember that it is good to have views from both sides because then people aren’t always seeing in tunnel vision. When looking at genetic engineering I hope people realize that this field of science could be very good to society and also very detrimental. So what ever our society decides to do with abortion and genetic engineering, remember the effects that could happen to the world as a whole. God gave us freedom of choice and if He, as a God, gives all of us this freedom, what right do we have to take it away from peoples opinions? Bibliography â€Å"Induced Abortion Worldwide.† Online. The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Available: http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/ib_0399.html. May 1999.

Essays Solution

Workshop 3 Interest Rates and Bond Valuation Terminology †¢Face value/par value – the original issue price (the amount borrowed). †¢Maturity date – date on which loan has to be repaid. †¢Coupon interest rate – original interest rate on the bond. †¢Coupon payment – the fixed interest payment on the bond. †¢YTM=required rate of return. ?Bonds pay fixed coupon payments at fixed intervals and the face value at maturity. ?there is an inverse relationship between the price of an investment and the rate of return on the investment – if you pay a higher price for an investment your rate of return must be lower (holding all other factors constant)) ?If the YTM = coupon rate the bond will sell for the face value (i. e. current price = face value). ?If the YTM > coupon rate the bond will sell for a discount (yield goes up, price goes down). If the YTM < coupon rate the bond will sell for a premium (yield goes down, price goes up). Disc ussion 1. Identify the three most important determinants of the price of a bond. Describe the effect of each? Answer The three factors affecting the price of a bond are – coupon – yield – term to maturity. T > The relationship between price and coupon is a direct one – the higher the coupon, the higher the price. The relationship between price and yield is an inverse one – the higher the yield the lower the price, all other factors held constant. The relationship between price and maturity is not so clearly evident. Price changes resulting from changes in yields will be more pronounced, the longer the term to maturity. 2. Given a change in the level of interest rates, discuss how two major factors will influence the relative change in price of individual bonds. AnswerFor a given change in the level of interest rates, two factors that will influence the relative change in bond prices are the coupon and maturity of the issues. Bonds with longer matur ity and/or lower coupons will have the greatest price changes in response to a given change in interest rates. Other factors likewise cause differences in price volatility, including the call features, but these factors are typically much less important. 3. What is the purpose of bond ratings? Answer Bond ratings provide a very important service in the market for fixed income securities because they provide the fundamental analysis for thousands of issues.The rating agencies conduct extensive analyses of the intrinsic characteristics of the issue to determine the default risk for the investor and inform the market of the analyses through their ratings. 4. What are the important assumptions made when you calculate the promised YTM? Answer The most crucial assumption that the investor makes is that cash flows will be received in full (i. e. investors hold the bond to maturity) and reinvested at the promised yield. 5. You expect interest rates to decline over the next 6 months.What kin d of bonds do you want in your portfolios in term of duration and explain your reasoning for this choice. Answer Given that you expect interest rates to decline during the next six months, you should choose bonds that will have the largest price increase, that is, bonds with long durations. 6. Which of the following bonds will have the greatest percentage increase in value if all interest rates decrease by 1 percent? a. 20-year, zero coupon bond. b. 10-year, zero coupon bond. c. 20-year, 10 percent coupon bond. d. 20-year, 5 percent coupon bond. AnswerSince a zero coupon bond’s price today is determined just by the NPV of its par value, all of its payment is discounted for the maximum amount of time, whereas a coupon bond has many payments discounted for less than the maximum amount of time. Therefore, a zero coupon bond is most affected by interest rate changes. So, the longest zero coupon bond is the correct answer, which is statement a. 7. Which of the following statements is most correct? a. All else equal, long-term bonds have more interest rate risk than short-term bonds. b. All else equal, high-coupon bonds have less reinvestment rate risk than low-coupon bonds. . All else equal, short-term bonds have less reinvestment rate risk than do long-term bonds. d. All of the statements above are correct. Answer Statement a since high-coupon bonds have more reinvestment rate risk than low-coupon bonds and short-term bonds have more reinvestment rate risk than do long-term bonds. Problems 1. Two years ago you bought a government bond for $1,000 because you liked the 10% p. a. coupon interest payment that you would receive for 10 years. Interest on the bond is paid annually. Two years later, when the market interest rate has fallen to 8% p. a. what is the value of your bond? SolutionSince coupon rate is 10% and YTM has fallen to 8%, it must be the case that the price of this bond has increased (remembering the inverse relationship between bond price and yie ld). 2. The Morgan Corporation has two different bonds currently outstanding. Bond M has a face value of $20,000 and matures in 20 years. The bond makes no payments for the first six years, then payS $800 every six months over the subsequently eight years, and finally pays $1,000 every six months over the last 6 years. Bond N also has a face value of $20,000 and a maturity of 20 years; it makes no coupon payments over the life of the bond.If the required return on both these bond is 8 percent compounded semiannually, what is the current price of bond M? and bond N? Solution The price of any bond (or financial instrument) is the PV of the future cash flows. Even though Bond M makes different coupons payments, to find the price of the bond, we just find the PV of the cash flows. The PV of the cash flows for Bond M is: PM = $800(PVIFA4%,n=16)(PVIF4%,n=12) + $1,000(PVIFA4%,1n=2)(PVIF4%,n=28) + $20,000(PVIF4%,n=40) PM = $13,117. 88 Notice that for the coupon payments of $800, we found th e PVA for the coupon payments, and then discounted the lump sum back to today.Bond N is a zero coupon bond with a $20,000 par value; therefore, the price of the bond is the PV of the par, or: PN = $20,000(PVIF4%,40) = $4,165. 78 3. Bond P is a premium bond with a 9 percent coupon. Bond D is a 5 percent coupon bond currently selling at a discount. Both bonds make annual payments, have a YTM of 7 percent, and have five years to maturity. What is the current yield for bond P? for bond D? if interest rates remain unchanged, what is the expected capital gains yield over the next year for bond P? for bond D? Explain your answers and the interrelationship among the various types of yields.Solution To find the capital gains yield and the current yield, we need to find the price of the bond. The current price of Bond P and the price of Bond P in one year is: P:P0 = $90(PVIFA7%,5) + $1,000(PVIF7%,5) = $1,082. 00 P1 = $90(PVIFA7%,4) + $1,000(PVIF7%,4) = $1,067. 74 Current yield = $90 / $1,082. 00 = . 0832 or 8. 32% The capital gains yield is: Capital gains yield = (New price – Original price) / Original price Capital gains yield = ($1,067. 74 – 1,082. 00) / $1,082. 00 = –0. 0132 or –1. 32% The current price of Bond D and the price of Bond D in one year is:D:P0 = $50(PVIFA7%,5) + $1,000(PVIF7%,5) = $918. 00 P1 = $50(PVIFA7%,4) + $1,000(PVIF7%,4) = $932. 26 Current yield = $50 / $918. 00 = 0. 0545 or 5. 45% Capital gains yield = ($932. 26 – 918. 00) / $918. 00 = 0. 0155 or 1. 55% All else held constant, premium bonds pay a high current income while having price depreciation as maturity nears; discount bonds pay a lower current income but have price appreciation as maturity nears. For either bond, the total return is still 7%, but this return is distributed differently between current income and capital gains.

Critical Evaluation Of The Operations Management Commerce Essay

The essay is about to critical measure the operations direction scheme of Hard Rock Cafe as described in the instance stuffs, and discourse the operations direction challenges every bit good as the chances when Hard Rock Cafe sing expand their concern in Hanoi-Vietnam. In the essay, text edition, cyberspace, academic researches will be mentioned to back up the critical evaluates operations direction, challenges and chances issues. Harmonizing to Heizer EL at. , ( 2011 ) , â€Å" Operations direction is defined as any activities that relate to the creative activity of goods and services through the transmutation of inputs and end products † , while operation directors play an of import function in the direction procedure. â€Å" The direction procedure contains be aftering, forming, staffing, taking, and commanding † . ( Heizer el at. , 2011 ) . In the instance stuffs provided, we will measure 10 critical determinations of Operations directions which are goods and service design, managing quality, procedure and capacity design, location scheme, layout scheme, HR and occupation design, supply-chain direction, stock list, programming and last determination is care to see whether how good Hard Rock cafe applied these determinations in their operation direction ( Heizer el at. , 2011 ) . We will measure few determinations amongst those 10 determinations to allow people hold a wide position of how Difficult Rock Cafe applies these determinations to run their concern. For goods and service design, what services/products should Cafe give to clients? That is really of import issue to Hard Rock Management. As we ‘ve known, Hard Rock is in cordial reception industry. If they provide products/services wrongly, it would take the company to ruin. Follow the Hard Rock instance survey, due to the planetary economic alterations, differences in concern jurisprudence, a batch of hazard factors that make Difficult Rock Cafe alterations from planetary Strategy into multi-domestic scheme. Multi-domestic scheme is â€Å" a scheme that companies in each market makes their operating determinations independently of others oversea markets † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //tutor2u.net ) . In here, company decided to franchise a big figure of their coffeehouse by fall ining with opened cafe such as in Manchester and Birmingham, which try to pull local occupants involve in their concern due to this topographic point is non a common topographic point for tourer, where people in here are rather conservative. This determination would do them to redesign their goods and services to run into with the local gustatory sensation. Differences state would hold different cultural, linguistic communications, concern patterns. For illustration: Hard Rock cafe in Kuwait would necessitate to alter their bill of fares because they ca n't eat porc. All merchandises are related to porc are prohibited every bit good as intoxicant while in US where people can eat porc, imbibe intoxicant with no limitation due to difference faiths and jurisprudence every bit good ( Muslim in Kuwait and chiefly Catholic, Protestant, Buddhism in US ) . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hardrock.com ) Another issue is pull offing quality. Base on Rose EL at. , ( 2005 ) , â€Å" direction quality is looked at 4 issues: quality planning, quality control, quality confidence and quality betterment † . Hard Rock Cafe has been focused on quality control and betterment by study. It has been done on a regular basis with rate from 1 to 7. If the mark is non reached score 7 that mean the nutrients and services will be reviewed. The company has changed their bill of fare to fit with local gustatory sensation every bit good as upgrade their bill of fare. They are non merely concentrate on their traditional nutrient such as beefburgers and beefs but besides look for high category of nutrient like fishes, lobsters. Although clients go to Hard Rock Cafe because they love music, atmosphere, environment, that is the chief ground but high quality of nutrient which show in bill of fare would be value-added to Hard Rock Cafe repute and brand clients come once more. Cianfrani el at. , ( 2009 ) told that: â€Å" Quality direction could alter some of the direction rules. This can assist exceed degree direction to increase the company ‘s public presentation every bit good as satisfy the client ‘s demand † . This issue is really of import for the company which they are strongly focused on client because most of the Hard Rock Cafe ‘ clients are tourers while a minority is a local occupant ( Heizer el at. , 2011 ) . When the company changes their services/products, they besides need to believe of their existing supply concatenation direction. Mentzer et al. , ( 2001 ) stated that: â€Å" Supply concatenation direction is seen as a mechanism to keep competition in domestic markets, in visible radiation of increasing planetary competition † . The company chooses to upgrade their bill of fare that would reconstitute their supply concatenation direction because they will necessitate new providers every bit good as possibly extinguish some old providers. Hard Rock Cafe does non desire excessively much on beefs and beefburgers ; they want to add more expensive material such as fishes and lobsters which would pull a wider scope of clients every bit good as lift the degree of Hard Rock Cafe one measure higher. Top degree directions besides need to see on the distribution web of new providers. Where are their warehouses, distribution centres, figure of networking, who are their clients? What are payment footings? Can they present goods so we play subsequently or we need to play upfront before they bringing goods? All those things need to see really careful because it will impact to the cost of the repast subsequently on. If the warehouse of new provider is excessively far, it would make a large job when we run out of nutrient to fix repast for clients. Furthermore, if the company has to do full payment before they deliver goods, it would be an issue to direction degree to see because if we can pay them subsequently in a certain twenty-four hours after we receive goods, that is so much better, we can utilize that money to make something else to do more money and pay the provider subsequently. Location for Hard Rock Cafe would a large issue to see when choose the location. A batch of things would impact such as political hazard, currency hazard, societal norms, trade name tantrum, and concern patterns ( Heizer el at. , 2011 ) . Political hazard is defined as â€Å" Probability of loss due to political instability in the purchaser ‘s state that may ensue in cancellation of a licence or otherwise impact the purchaser ‘s ability to do payments. Political hazards are insurable hazards, and overlap with the political constituent of force majeure hazards † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessdictionary.com ) . It is the chief concern when taking location. Thailand will be a good illustration. Recently, Thailand has a batch of work stoppages which would do investors worry. It will besides impact tourer industry due to a batch of cancellation circuit to Thailand during work stoppage ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thaipro.com ) . While concern patt ern is another issue Hard Rock Cafe demand to concern. â€Å" The regulative model in Thailand is rather good but whether it is put into pattern is a different issue † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.reuters.com ) . The concern environment in Thailand late is traveling down. Corruptness is increasing severely. If company wants to spread out concern in Thailand, this issue would be sing carefully while most of the concerns try to avoid bribing, they want to make clean concern particularly some companies come from developed states such as United State, Australia. Maintenance would acquire affect as the scheme of Hard Rock Cafe has changed to franchise with opened eating house or cafe . This mean they need to redesign the current cafe/restaurant so that will suit local cultural but it will non lose the Hard Rock ‘s ocular visual aspect. Securency Company is an illustration for corrupting. Securency is a joint company between Reserve Bank Australia and British company call Innovia Films. â€Å" Several former and functioning Securency executives engaged in graft to win trades in Vietnam, Nigeria, Malaysia and Indonesia. † Securency Company has been investigated and graft for some middle-men in order to win the trades oversea has been probed. If Hard Rock Cafe gets involve in this sort of graft, this will destruct all the repute that Hard Rock Cafe has tried to construct up decennaries ago every bit good as it will take to shuting down a batch of concern if the graft is proved. Human resource direction is besides an of import affair for company. Armstrong ( 2006 ) stated that: â€Å" Human resource direction is the strategic and consistent attack to the direction of an organisation ‘s most valued assets: the people working there who separately and jointly lend to the accomplishment of the aims † . Nowadays, most of the company is truly pay attending about human resource. It can assist the company win over their rivals. For eating house industry, merchandises are of import but services could be an excess point to pull client come back. How Difficult Rock could make it? The company needs to supply the â€Å" better services, cheaper monetary value and faster response † to vie with their rivals ( Blackwell et al. , 2001 ) . Staff turnover is another issue particularly in eating house industry due to really high turnover of employees, around 80 % to 100 % per twelvemonth ( Heizer el at. , 2011 ) . Hard Rock Cafe is successfully in keep really low per centum of staff turnover by Lashkar-e-Taiba employees make full in each twenty-four hours schedule what day/shift they would wish to work base on their degree and how of import they are at each displacement. The intent is to equilibrate work and normal life of staff every bit good as will non allow over-employee between two displacements. This method works really good as Hard Rock staffs love that method and it helps to cut down the staff turnover which is per centum of staff turnover in eating house industry is really high. Although staffs at Hard Rock Cafe are music lover, happy with the working environment but for normal living life, they can non populate without money. So company should hold sensible salary system in order to assist their staffs afford to normal life cost. There is an accusing of an anon. server staff in of the Hard Rock Cafe in United Kingdom that he/she was acquiring paid under the national lower limit rewards which is 2.06 lb per hr while national minimal rewards is around 5.73 lb per hr ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk ) . Employees in Hard Rock Cafe in London are trusting on tips of client to force their rewards to national minimal rewards. These tips could come from hard currency, recognition card tips but we do non cognize all those tip will be distributed reasonably to staffs or the company will maintain them and give portion of it staffs merely. This affair is really of import. Salary would a tool to stimulus the public presentation of employees which could do them work harder, dynamic and enthusiasm. If this affair is proven, the company will be fined and leads to rivals get derive more market portion which is belong to company. In order to spread out concern in Ha Noi, Vietnam, Hard Rock needs to look at challenges and chances before make concluding determination. These challenges and chances are mention below: Based on General Statistics Office of Vietnam, Ha noi is about 3345 km2 with more than 6.5 1000000s of people which is around 1935 person/km2 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gso.gov.vn ) . We can see in here, will little country with a batch of people live in, so it is really difficult to happen location to open a new concern in here. Location is a chief concern of company which is easy to entree ; locate around Central Business District where a batch of traveller and people can see their logo. Furthermore, existent estate monetary value in Ha Noi is really high comparison to other metropoliss so that company would necessitate to see rental or purchase it out ( hypertext transfer protocol: //vietbao.vn ) . That would be added to the cost of repast which would be an issue in competitory with other rivals. Another challenge is cultural differences. Cultural differences could do a batch of job which Hard Rock needs to happen out when be aftering to make concern in Vietnam. Eye contact is an of import to state whether we respect opposite individual or non. For Western cultural, when people are speaking, it is impolite if we do non look at each other ‘s eyes. But in many Asiatic states such as Japan and Vietnam, they can non look at their higher-up ‘s eyes otherwise it means you have no regard for them. If you do that so, that mean you show your regard to them ( Moran el at. , 2007 ) . Posture/Gesture can do misinterpretation every bit good if two concern work forces from difference states with difference cultural. In Vietnam, it would be friendly if two people stand near, remain small spread between two people but in western manner, it should be a spread ( at least one metre ) when they are speaking to each other, it is consider polite. On the other manus, handshaking would differences between Asiatic cultural and Western cultural. Western people prefer steadfast handshaking, that show their regard to concern spouse every bit good as trustworthy while in Asia, particularly in Vietnam, house handshaking should be avoided while people think it is ill-mannered, un-educated, non being friendly to think. Those things are really of import because if they do non understand Vietnamese cultural, it might make jobs between flat direction of Hard Rock towards their employees. This is non good for concern as it will make the spread between degree direction and employees, hapl ess public presentations, people might desire to discontinue due to defeated, do non like working environment. Currency hazard is another hazard factor. At the minute, the exchange rate between US dollar and Vietnamese dong is really high which is 1 US dollar can alter to 19500 VND ( www.eximbank.com ) . If Difficult Rock would wish to convey their goods over from US to maintain original gustatory sensation, it would do the monetary value of each repast addition due to value of VND is decrease plus no transportation cost from US to Hanoi if they buy those merchandises in Vietnam. The rise and autumn of exchange rate could do company hold more competitory advantage to rival but it would be a catastrophe subsequently on so that advantage would turn to disfavor every bit Hard Rock Cafe scheme wants local occupants get affect along with tourers. In Vietnam legal model is rather good but it is non applied. Intellectual belongings right is an illustration. It is non protected even Vietnam has signed a batch understanding which promised to protect the right of first publication but it does non set it in pattern ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vietnam-ustrade.org ) . The per centum of right of first publication violation is still high at 85 % , same at twelvemonth 2007, 2008 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //phapluattp.vn ) . Hard Rock Cafe can be set up today but following few hebdomads, another Cafe might be unfastened and all the repasts, layout, manners, music would be similar or somewhat differences. It will impact the trade name name of Hard Rock if clients come in, still though that is Difficult Rock Cafe and they have bad serves or nutrient toxic condition. Disregard those challenges above, Ha Noi is still a possible topographic point for investor to see when unfastened concern in here. First, Hanoi is capital of Vietnam with labour force 1.6 million of people while 43 % of them are under age of 35 ; it means 400.000 people enter the market every twenty-four hours ( hypertext transfer protocol: //industrialzone.vn ) . Furthermore, GDP per capital of Vietnam is about $ 1156 USD/year which is really low comparisons to US. It means, company has more option in choosing staffs but pay less money than in US market ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dfat.gov.au ) . That would salvage a batch money for company while in US immense money has been paid off for HR and vocalists. This is an advantage when unfastened concern in Hanoi. Second, supply concatenation direction would non be a job because people can come to Hanoi by three chief ways: railroad, roadway and air passage. Hanoi is besides a get downing point of a batch national main road such as Number 1A national main road, Number 3, 5 national route and NoiBai airdrome is about 40km off merely every bit good as near to 5 large industry zones which they can provide most of the demands for Hard Rock ( hypertext transfer protocol: //industrialzone.vn ) . It is easy to present goods for company on a regular basis and on clip so company will non be run out of stock even in peak period. Third, since 1990, economic sciences of Vietnam is turning really fast. GDP of Vietnam is about 7 % turning continuously while GDP per capital is at $ 725 USD in 2006 goes up to $ 1156 USD in 2010 which is about double in 4 old ages clip. We can see bright economic system, turning really fast which is a possible market with around 90 1000000s of people ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dfat.gov.au ) . That could open for Hard Rock a batch of opportunities while invest in Vietnam as a batch of US companies did it long clip ago such as IBM, Intel and many more US companies. Intel is good illustration in investing. They merely announced to make up one's mind to do the $ 1 billion investing in a comparative fledgling to the hi-tech game – Vietnam ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.usatoday.com ) . This determination is good intelligence for Vietnam which could make a hundred 1000 occupations in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City every bit good as could convey back immense net incomes for Intel in the hereafter as labour cost in Vietnam is rather inexpensive but extremely educated. In decision, ten operation direction determinations play an of import function in making concern of company. Those determinations mentioned supra are non all of 10 determinations but it would demo out how of import 10 operation direction determinations in pull offing quality, better public presentation of employees, create new goods/services in order to accommodate to the fast changing of planetary economic. If Hard Rock Cafe can go on to execute as they are making right now, it would be the strength and a competitory border toward their rivals.